Apparatus for controlling the velocity of a fluid flowing through a passage.



H. M. LIESE. APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE VELOCITY OF A FLUID FLOAPPLICATION FILED SEPT-17,1913. 1,215,669.

WING THROUGH A PASSAGE.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

flizbrzzeyag Patented Feb. 13,1917.

LOCITY OF A FLUID FLOWING THROUGH A PASSAGE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT-II.m3. 1,215,669.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

III

Patented Feb. 13, 191-7.

' H. M. LlESE. APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE VELOCITY OF A FLUID FLQWINGTHROUGH A PAssAeE'.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT-17,1913- 1,215,669. Patented Feb. 13, 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3- To all whom it may concern:

' Netherlands,

UNITED STATES 1am OFFICE.

I HENDRIK MATHYS LIESE, 0F HAMBURG,GERMANY.

ArPAnA'rUs mt couTRoL mG THE Specification ofLetters Patent.

Be it known'that I, HENDRIK MATHiE's Lnzsn, a citizen of the Kingdom ofthe residing at Hamburg, in the free State of Hamburg, Germany, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus forControllingthe Velocity of a Fluid Flowing Through a Passage, of which thefollowing is a specification.

My invention relatesto improvements in apparatus for controlling thevelocity of a fluid flowing through a passage and more particularly inapparatus of :the class in which the velocity of the fluid is controlledby conducting the same through a passage the area of which can beadjusted according to varying conditions of pressure on the inlet oroutlet side of the said passage, which adjustment is eflected bytransmitting the differential pressure of the fluidat opposite sides ofa measuring passage provided in the conduit for the fluid to aregulating ,device. And the object of the improvements is to provide anapparatus of this class in which the area ofthe throttling passage iscontrolled by a column of a liquid which is adapted to assumedi'flt'erent levels under the diflerential pressureof the fluid at theopposite sides of the measuring passage. In the practice of theinvention the said liquid can be made to regulate the throttling passagein different ways. Suitable means consist in providing in the column ofliquid a float which is directly connected with a valve controlling thethrottle passage or in providing a container at the lower part of thethrottle passage and causing the same to be" filled moreor less with ato obstruct the throttle passage, the admission of the said throttlingliquid beingcontrolled by the regulating liquid.

Figures 1 to 3, are vertical sections of the apparatus in which thecolumn'of liquid acts on the throttle passage through a float,

the ,figures showing the apparatus in different positions, Fig. 1

liquid which is adapted showing the same 1n the VELOCITY or AELUID'FLOWING .rrmoueu A mssxen.

is being measured, and Fig. 3 showing the same in the position in whichthe amount of fluid is regulated- Figs. 4 to 6, are sections of amodification of the apparatus in whichthe throttle passage isobstructedmore or less by am ohstructing liquid the parts of the apparatus beingshown in different positions, Fig.. 4 showing the same in the position.inwhich the fluid is being measured, Fig. 5 showing the same in theposition in which the amount of the fluid is being. regulated, and Fig.

- showing the apparatus in-regulating posithe flow of the fluid beingtemporarily tion,

v Patented Feb. 13, 1917. .Applicationfiled'September 17,1913. SerialNo. 790,349.

stopped, and Fig. 7, is a section of a conduit:

for conducting fresh air tomines, and provided with an apparatus similarto, that shown in Figs. 4 and 5 for controlling the admission of the airto the said conduit.

Referring now'to the example illustrated in Figs. 1' to 3 my improvedmeasuring apparatus consists of a receptacle comprising two chambers 1and 2 communicating with each other through a hole 3. The top wall ofthe receptacle '1, 2 is provided with a cylinder 4 formed with a tubularstud 5.

Withinthe cylinder 4: there is a cylindrical valve 6 which is connectedwith a float 7 located within the chamber 1. The valve cylinder is'formed with upper throttling ports 8 cooperating with the stud 5 andwith two sets of lower measuring ports 9 and 10 cooperating with atubular stud 11. The lJatter is adapted to be closed 3 chamber 2 througha passage 12 and is adapted to be thrown into communication with thechamber 1 through a valve 13. The float] is connected with a tube 14'which extends with its upper end into the chamber 2 and takes part inthe float 7. At its lower end which opens into the atmosphere the tube14 is provided with a pencil 15 or the like by means of which theposition of the float 7 is recorded ona drum 16. At its bottom the float7 is provided with two rods 17 having enlarged ends and extendingthrough holes made in a cross-piece 18. The latter issecured to a spring19 which is fixed at its opposite ends to the bottom of the receptacle1, 2. The chamber 1. has a pipe 20 provided with a valve 21. Wheremovements of the ioo liquid supply througha the apparatus is used formeasuring steam this supply is not necessary.

' When using the apparatus it will be filled to the level indicatedinthe figures with water or another suitable liquid. In the outof-useposition shown in Fig. 1 the level of the liquid is the same in bothchambers 1 and 2 and the float 7 is held in a medium position by thespring '19. hen it is desired to use the apparatus for measuring theamount ofxan elastic fluid, the valve -13 is set in the position shownin Fig. 2 in which the stud 11 is disconnected from the chamber 1 andthe fluid is admitted through the stud 5 and discharged through the stud1 1. Thereby the fluid acts on the liquid 'in chamber land forces 'thesame downward; the float is lowered until the spring 19 ceases to actthereon and its weight and floating force are at an equilibrium, thewater displaced by such movement escaping through the opening 3 and theoverflow 14. The opening has the further function to deaden any shock swhich might be transmitted from an engine or the like to the fluidflowing-through the measuring apparatus.

' In theposition shown in'the, figure the fluid flows through the upperset of-meas- 4 uring ports 9 where a reduction of the pres- ,sureon theinlet and outlet sides o f the. ports 9 is transmitted to the liquidwithin the communicating chambers 1 and 2 and the differential pressurecauses the liquid to assume different levels in the said chambers. Whenequilibrium has been reestablishedthe ports 9 have been opened an amountwhich is proportional to the amount of fluid flowing through theapparatus, the ldss of pressure and therefore the velocity of thefluldpassing through the ports remainlng con stant. The position of the ports9 and therefore the amount of fluid. passing through the apparatus arerecorded on the drum 16.

When admission of the fluid takes place through the stud 11 anddischarge through the stud 5 the conditions are reversed, the level ofthe liquid within the chamber 1 be 5o ing higher than within the chamber2 and the fluid flowing through the ports 10. In this case the float 7is apart from its weight under the action of the spring 19, and theliquid in chamber 1 rises to a higher level according to the increasedload on the float. The opening of the ports 10 and thereby the amount offluid flowing through the apparatus are recorded on the drum '16.

In both cases a constant supply of liquid '0 to the chambers 1 and 2takes place and the excess escapes through the overflow 14. In 5 case ofsteam the said liquid is supplied by the condensed water, while in caseof other gases the liquid issupplied through the pipe 5 20 and valve 21If it is desired to regulate the fluid in such sure on opposite sides.of

.liquid is used a way, that a constant amount of fluid flows through theapparatus, .-TI set the valve 13 in such a way as to establishcommunication between the stud 11 at the right hand side of the valve 22and. the chamber 1 and -I partly close the valve 22 according to thedesired flufd supply. Thereby the differential pres-.

on the level of'the liquid as will readily be understood from thedescription of Fig. 2, and the float 7 and the ports 8 are set accordingto the weight of the. float or to the weight andthe pressure of thespring, ac cording to the direction of flow of the fluid which 1sadmitted either through stud 11 or stud 5. en admission takes placethrough the stud 11 the fluid is throttled by the upper wall of theannular passage and when ad-- mission takes place through the stud 5 thefluid is ,throttled at the'lower wall of said the valve 22 acts.

passage. Should in the former case the. pressure at thedischarge bereduced and thereby the velocity and the differential pressure of thefluid flowing past the valve 22 be increased, the level of the liquidwithchamber 1. Thereby "the float and the cylindrical valve 6 rise, theopen area of the port 8' isreduced and the resistance of the fluidwithin the port is increased until the normal amount of fluid flowsthrough. the apparatus.

'drum 27 by means of a pencil 28 connected With valve 22. I

In the example shown in- Figs. 4 to 6 a for obstructing the throttlepassage more or less and as in the example. shown in Figs. 1 to 3 thesupply of the throttling liquid is controlled by a column of liquid. Asshown a receptacle 30 is provided with a partition wall 31 extendingdownward from the top wall of tacle to near the bottom, so as to leave athrottle passage 32. The receptacle is provided at opposite sides of thepartition 31. with inlet and outlet studs 33 and 34. One of the studs,in the example shown in the figures the stud33, is provided with a,valve 35 which is adapted to be set in different positionsby hand orautomatically.

Above the receptacle 30 a receptacle 40 is located which is divided by apartition 41 into t-wo chambers 42 with each other at the bottom of thereceptacle. The chamber 42 has a supply of a suitable liquid through apipe 44 and the said liquid is withdrawn from the chamber 43 through achannel 45. The chamber 42 and 43 communicating a in the chamber 2 fallswhile it rises in the F the recepat its upperend with the part of thestud t 33 at the left of the valve 35 or with the section of thereceptacle 30 at the left of the partition 31, for which purpose a pipe46 having two branches 47 and 48 and a twoway cock. 49 are provided. Ina similar way the chamber 43 can be thrown into com and a two-way cock56 withtheureceptaclef 30. The two-way cock 5 6fis also adapted toconnect the channel 45 or the overflow 55 with a discharge 57.. Thereceptacle 30 is provided with a discharge 5.8 and is in com:

munication with a receptacle 60 containing a float 61 which is adaptedto record'the level of the liquidwithin the receptacle 30 on a drum 62.

If it is desired to measuretheamountpf a fluid the fluid supplyisconnected with the stud 33, and the parts are set iii the position shownin Fig.4, that is valve 35 is entirely open and the valves-49 and 53connect the chambers 42 and 43 respectively with the right and leftsections of the receptacle 30,

Thereby the pressure of the fluid at the left andright hand side of thepartition 31 is transmitted to the chambers 42 and 43, so that theliquid within the said-chambers is at the levels shown in Fig. 4.. Fromthe chamber 42 part of the liquid flows through pipe 55 and two-Way cock56 to receptacle 30 where it partly obstructs th'e'measuring passage 32.The excess of the liquid escapes through channel 45and discharge 57 Thelevel' of the liquidand the amount of the fluid flowing through theapparatus are recorded on the drum 62. v

If the amount and velocity of fluid. flowing through the measuringpassage 32 are increased, the resulting increase in the differential'pressure 'ofthe fluid at opposite sides of the passage 32, istransmitted to.the chambers 42 and 43, so that the level of the liquidwithin chamber 42'falls and the level within chamber 43 rises.

Therefore the supply of liquid through pipe 55 "to receptacle 30 isstopped, the ex-j cess ofthe liquid within receptacle 40 beingdischarged through channel 45. As the discharge of liquid fromreceptacle 30 remains the same, the level of the liquid with inreceptacle 3O falls-until the normal velocity and differential pressureof the fluid flowing through passage 32 are reestablished. The saidpressure is transmitted through pipes 46 and 50 to chambers 42 and 43 sothat the liquid within the chambers assumes agaln the normal levels.Through overflow so much liquid is supplied to receptacle 3O as isdischarged through 58 so that the area of passage-32 remains constantquired.

until the velocity. of the fluid flowing" I through passage 32 is againchanged. "The changesv of-the level and'of the area of the passage 32and therefore the amount of the 1 I fluid passing through theapparatusare recorded on the drum 62.-

In Fig. 5 I'hav'e shown the apparatus in fie the positions of they partswhich'are used for regulating the amount of the fluid in such a way'that the Volume remains-constant. In addition; to the measuringapparatus consisting of receptacle "60, float 61 and .drum 62 1haveshownin this figure-ea drum which is adapted to record the positionof the valve 35 and thereby the amount of fluid flowing through theapparatus. j i

In the example shown in-Fig. 5 the vapparatus is designed forregulatingthe suply'ofair of combustionto a fireplace, such for exampleas the grating of a steam boiler.

But I wish it to be understood, that my invention is not limited to .theuse of the ap-' paratus shown in the-drawings, and that I have shown thesame merely because it is my opinion thatthe invention will be bet terunderstood by referring to a particular use ofrtheapparatus. I

If it is desired to use'the apparatus for controlling the admission ofair :to the flre place of a steam boiler, it is equipped w1th a valve 71which is closed when opening the firedoorland the'valve 35 is setaccording to the amount of the air required to c'omplete combustion.When the valve 71 1s closed nofluid'flows through the apparatus andthere is no differential pressure at.'op-

fposite sides of-the partition '31 and the liquid within chambers 42 and43 is at the same level as is indicated in Fig. 6;-- The liquidescapesthrough overflow 55 and discharge 57 so'that the receptacle 30 isempty and'the passage 32 is fully open. If now the fire door is closedand-valve 71 opened, a large amount of air rushes through theunobstructed passage 32, so that complete combustion of the large amountof gases which are now being developed is assisted.

The pressure of the air flowing'along'valve 351s reduced and thedifferential pressure is transmitted to chambers 42 and 43, so

that the level in chamber 42 falls and the level in chamber'43 rises.The liquid flows through channel '45 and into receptacle 30 which isgradually-fi to level Shown 20 in Fig. 5, the time required for thusrefilling the receptacle depending'on the position of valve 35 which isadjusted to vary the size of the passage through the conduit 33according'to' the time duringwhich much gas is being'develop'edand much.air is re- If in normal operation the pressure at the discharge fromthe apparatus is reduced for some reason orlother the velocity and thedifferential pressure of the air pass- 35 shown in Figs. 4 to 6 duit 75at a 65 'end hr the ing through the valve 35 are increased.

1 Therefore the water level in chamber-'42 is further lowered to belowthe level shown in the drawing and-the upper end of the overflow 55 sothat more water flows from receptacle 40 into receptacle 30, throughchannel 45, and'the area of passage 32 is reduced until normalconditions are re'e'stablished. If the pressure in the .fiues is againincreased to its normal value, the velocity and difl'rential pressure atvalve 35 are again reduced, the level in chamber 42 again rises to abovethe level of the overflow and it"falls in chamber 43. Therefore the flowof liquid through overflow 55 and discharge 57 isincreased and the flowthrough channel 45 and into'receptacle 3O is reduced. Therefore thelevel-of the liquid in receptacle 30 is reduced and passage 32increased, sothat the desired amount of air passes through theapparatus.

If 1t is desired, to have the apparatus reversible, the overflow isconstructed, in such a way, as to bevertically adjustable. After settingoverflow 55 with its inlet end at 'a higher level, it assumes thefunction of channel 45 and channel 45 assumes the func- 'tion ofoverflow 55. When using the apparatus asa measuring device, cock valve56 set in the position-shown in Fig. 5 and when using the apparatus 'forregulating the amount of the fluid, cock valve 56 is set in the-positionshown in Fig. 4. j

In Fig. 7, I have shownthe apparatus as used for regulating theventilation of mines. As shown a conduit 75 for conducting the air isprovided with a trap door 7 6 havingv a passage 78 and atthe lower end agutter 77 adapted to receive an obstructing liquid andhaving a discharge89. At the side of the door a receptacle 79 is located which is dividedby a partition 82 intotwo chambers 80 and 81 communicating with eachother at the bottom of the receptacle.

The chamber 80 is connected by a pipe 83 with a point several hundredsof meters in front of the l door 76. Chamber 81 opens into the conpointnear the door. tacle has a liquid supply 87 an overflow 86 providing adischarge for the liquid, and a channel 85 adapted to conduct the liquidinto the gutter 77 The length of the conduit from the inlet 1 sponds tothe valve 35 shown in Figs. 4 to 6. If the volume and velocity of airflowing through the conduit'are increased above the normal the reductionof the pressure of the combination with a closed comprising twocommunicating chambers, the area of chambers, means controlled by Thereceppipe 83130 the door 76 corre-' greater amount is supplied to gutter77 throughchannel 85. Thereby thearea of passage 78 and the volume ofair flowing through the conduit are reduced until normal conditions arereestablished.

The volume of air flowing through the conduit can be varied by "changingthe length of pipe 83. e

The apparatus may also be used as an anemometer for measuring thevelocity of the wind and other air currents for which purpose the saidcurrents are directed for instance through the apparatus shown in Fig.4.

I claim: 1. In an apparatus of the class described, receptacleandaliquid supply toand a liquid discharge from said receptacle, of aconduit for a fluid comprising at least one measuring passage, oppositesides of said measuring passage communicating each with one of saidchambers, and means controlled by the levels of the liquid with-insaidchambers to adjust the area sage. 2. In an apparatus of the classdescribed, the combination with a closed receptacle comprising twocommunicating chambers,

of the measuring pasand a liquid supply to and a liquid discharge "fromsaid receptacle, fluid comprising at least one measuring passage,opposite sides of said measuring passage communicating each with one ofsaid the levels of the liquid within said chambers to adjust the areaofthe measuring passage, and meansto measure the area of the'measuringpassage.

3. In-an apparatus of the class described, the combination with a closedreceptacle comprising two communicating chambers, and a liquid supply toand a liquid discharge from said receptacle, of a conduit for a fluidcomprising at least one measuring passage of a conduit for a j andatleast one throttling passage, opposite Sides of said measuring passagecommunicating with one of said chambers, and means controlled by thelevels of the liquid within said chambers to adjust the area of thethrottling passage.

4. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination with a closedreceptacle comprising two communicating chambers, and a liquid supply toand a liquid discharge from said receptacle, of a conduit iior afluidadapted to be connected with either one of its ends to the fluid supplyand comprising at least one measuring passage, opposite sides of saidmeasuring passage communicating each withone of said chambers, meanscontrolled by the levels of the liquid within.saidcham-- hers to adjustthe area of the measur ng passage, and means to reverse the relatlve'position of the levels of the liquid within said chambers.

5. In an apparatus of the classdescribed, the combination with a closedreceptacle comprising two communicating chambers, and a liquid supply toand a liquid dis-v charge from said receptacle of a conduit for a fluidadapted to be connected with either one of its ends to the fluid supplyand comprising at least one measuring passage and at least onethrottling passage. opposite sides of said measuring passagecommunicating each with one of said chambers, means controlled by thelevels of the liquid within said chambers to adjust the area of thethrottling passage and means to reverse the relative position of thelevels of the liquid within said chambers.

G. In an apparatus of the class described,

the combination with a closed receptacle comprising two communicatingchambers, and a liquid-supply to and a liquid discharge from saidreceptacle, of a conduit for a fluid comprising at least one measuringpassage and at least one throttling passage, op-

posite sides of said measuring passage'communicating each with one ofsaid chambers, means controlled by the levels of the liquid within saidchambers to gradually adjust the area of the throttling passage, andmeans to temporarily interrupt the flow of the fluid.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence'of two witnesses.

' HEXDRIK MATHYS LIESE. Witnesses ERxEsT H. L. MUMMENHOFF, FRANKREINHOLD.

